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Nature Sustainability (2024)
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Proposals to downsize the human population or protect large areas of the planet imply that biodiversity conservation is possible only when humans are excluded, but effective conservation action is shown by groups engaged in consumptive wildlife use. We demonstrate that recreational fishing and hunting can develop nature relationships that shape environmental stewardship. Sustainably catching, killing and eating wildlife is identified as a transformative sensory and emotionally charged experience that triggers environmental virtue and conservation. This outlook is less likely for hunting and fishing practices that disconnect users from the catch-and-kill experience or result in only superficial interactions with wildlife. However, excluding recreational wildlife use will probably jeopardize environmental stewardship.
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E.v.E. wrote this article under funding from the Swedish Research Council (Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas), grant number Formas Dnr 2019-01168. T.G. received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 866350). All images are original artwork created for this article by J. Miller.
Department of Biology, Ave Maria University, Ave Maria, FL, USA
Samuel Shephard
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Erica von Essen
Department of Ecological Anthropology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
Thorsten Gieser
SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
Charles J. List
Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Berlin, Germany
Robert Arlinghaus
Inland Fisheries & Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Robert Arlinghaus
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S.S. conceived the original question, which was developed through conversation with E.v.E., T.G., C.J.L. and R.A. The first draft was written by S.S.; E.v.E., T.G., C.J.L. and R.A. provided ongoing advice on the article structure and refinements to visualizations, and helped to re-write all subsequent drafts. All authors agreed on the final version of the paper.
Correspondence to Samuel Shephard or Erica von Essen.
The authors declare no competing interests.
Nature Sustainability thanks Jessica Rizzolo and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
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Shephard, S., von Essen, E., Gieser, T. et al. Recreational killing of wild animals can foster environmental stewardship. Nat Sustain (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01379-7
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